Is ethnicity linked to...COVID-19 ’ICU’ risk – 20-fold greater in the Vitamin D Deficient. BAME, African Americans, the Older, Institutionalised and Obese, are at greatest risk. Sun and ‘D’-supplementation – Game-changers? Research urgently required.;Dear EditorCOVID-19 (Coronavirus) mortality disproportionately impacts BAME (Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic) UK individuals, African Americans, Swedish Somalis,[1] and the institutionalised; particularly care-home residents. COVID-19 severity and mortality, appear related to vitamin D deficiency, [2 -12] helping explain higher COVID-19...…Is ethnicity linked to...COVID-19 ’ICU’ risk – 20-fold greater in the Vitamin D Deficient. BAME, African Americans, the Older, Institutionalised and Obese, are at greatest risk. Sun and ‘D’-supplementation – Game-changers? Research urgently required.;Dear EditorCOVID-19 (Coronavirus) mortality disproportionately impacts BAME (Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic) UK individuals, African Americans, Swedish Somalis,[1] and the institutionalised; particularly care-home residents. COVID-19 severity and mortality, appear related to vitamin D deficiency, [2 -12] helping explain higher COVID-19...WW…

Comparison of dietary...Comparison of dietary macronutrient patterns of 14 popular named dietary programmes for weight and cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials;, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1Evidence Based Social Science Research Centre, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China2Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China3Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,...…Comparison of dietary...Comparison of dietary macronutrient patterns of 14 popular named dietary programmes for weight and cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials;, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1Evidence Based Social Science Research Centre, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China2Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China3Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,...WW…

Comparative efficacy...Comparative efficacy of interventions for reducing symptoms of depression in people with dementia: systematic review and network meta-analysis;, , , , , , , , , , , 1Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada2Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada3Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada4Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada5O’Brien Institute of Public Health,...…Comparative efficacy...Comparative efficacy of interventions for reducing symptoms of depression in people with dementia: systematic review and network meta-analysis;, , , , , , , , , , , 1Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada2Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada3Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada4Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada5O’Brien Institute of Public Health,...WW…

Features of 20 133 UK...Features of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study;, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , on behalf of the ISARIC4C investigators1Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK2Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK3Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK4National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and...…Features of 20 133 UK...Features of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study;, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , on behalf of the ISARIC4C investigators1Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK2Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK3Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK4National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and...WW…

Prediction models for...Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of covid-19: systematic review and critical appraisal;, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands2Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium3Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands4Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of...…Prediction models for...Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of covid-19: systematic review and critical appraisal;, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands2Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium3Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands4Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of...WW…

Face masks for the...Face masks for the public during the covid-19 crisis;, , , , 1Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford2Neonatal Department, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland3University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland4Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna, Austria5London School of Economics, London, UK6University of Edinburgh, UK7University of Glasgow, UKCorrespondence to: T Greenhalgh Trisha Greenhalgh and colleagues argue that it is time to apply the precautionary principleThe precautionary principle is, according to Wikipedia, “a strategy for...…Face masks for the...Face masks for the public during the covid-19 crisis;, , , , 1Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford2Neonatal Department, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland3University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland4Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna, Austria5London School of Economics, London, UK6University of Edinburgh, UK7University of Glasgow, UKCorrespondence to: T Greenhalgh Trisha Greenhalgh and colleagues argue that it is time to apply the precautionary principleThe precautionary principle is, according to Wikipedia, “a strategy for...WW…

Article TextOriginal researchEffect of gender affirming hormones on athletic performance in transwomen and transmen: implications for sporting organisations and legislatorsObjective To examine the effect of gender affirming hormones on athletic performance among transwomen and transmen.Methods We reviewed fitness test results and medical records of 29 transmen and 46 transwomen who started gender affirming hormones while in the United States Air Force. We compared pre- and post-hormone fitness test results of the transwomen and transmen with the average performance of all women and men...…Article TextOriginal researchEffect of gender affirming hormones on athletic performance in transwomen and transmen: implications for sporting organisations and legislatorsObjective To examine the effect of gender affirming hormones on athletic performance among transwomen and transmen.Methods We reviewed fitness test results and medical records of 29 transmen and 46 transwomen who started gender affirming hormones while in the United States Air Force. We compared pre- and post-hormone fitness test results of the transwomen and transmen with the average performance of all women and men...WW…

Early initiation of...Early initiation of prophylactic anticoagulation for prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 mortality in patients admitted to hospital in the United States: cohort study;, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK2VA Connecticut Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA3Cardiovascular Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Nashville, TN,...…Early initiation of...Early initiation of prophylactic anticoagulation for prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 mortality in patients admitted to hospital in the United States: cohort study;, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK2VA Connecticut Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA3Cardiovascular Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Nashville, TN,...WW…

The impact per person is greatest in high-income countries, but more people are affected in middle-income countriesThe health implications of physical inactivity are truly a global issue with physical inactivity responsible for up to 8% of non-communicable diseases and deaths across the world, finds published online in British Journal of Sports Medicine.It is in high-income countries that physical inactivity has the greater relative impact on non-communicable disease and death (in terms of increased risk to the average person), but it is middle-income countries that have the greatest number...…The impact per person is greatest in high-income countries, but more people are affected in middle-income countriesThe health implications of physical inactivity are truly a global issue with physical inactivity responsible for up to 8% of non-communicable diseases and deaths across the world, finds published online in British Journal of Sports Medicine.It is in high-income countries that physical inactivity has the greater relative impact on non-communicable disease and death (in terms of increased risk to the average person), but it is middle-income countries that have the greatest number...WW…

Article TextNutrition and metabolismOriginal researchSelf-reported health without clinically measurable benefits among adult users of multivitamin and multimineral supplements: a cross-sectional studyObjective Multiple clinical trials fail to identify clinically measurable health benefits of daily multivitamin and multimineral (MVM) consumption in the general adult population. Understanding the determinants of widespread use of MVMs may guide efforts to better educate the public about effective nutritional practices. The objective of this study was to compare self-reported and clinically...…Article TextNutrition and metabolismOriginal researchSelf-reported health without clinically measurable benefits among adult users of multivitamin and multimineral supplements: a cross-sectional studyObjective Multiple clinical trials fail to identify clinically measurable health benefits of daily multivitamin and multimineral (MVM) consumption in the general adult population. Understanding the determinants of widespread use of MVMs may guide efforts to better educate the public about effective nutritional practices. The objective of this study was to compare self-reported and clinically...WW…