Edited by Catherine L. Kling, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and approved February 9, 2021 (received for review June 10, 2020)There are real and substantial financial implications to fossil fuel producers of policies that seek to correct market failures brought about by climate change, adverse health effects from local pollution, and inefficient transportation. The producer benefits of the existing policy regime in the United States are estimated at $62 billion annually during normal economic conditions. This translates into large amounts for individual companies due to the relatively...…Edited by Catherine L. Kling, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and approved February 9, 2021 (received for review June 10, 2020)There are real and substantial financial implications to fossil fuel producers of policies that seek to correct market failures brought about by climate change, adverse health effects from local pollution, and inefficient transportation. The producer benefits of the existing policy regime in the United States are estimated at $62 billion annually during normal economic conditions. This translates into large amounts for individual companies due to the relatively...WW…

Contributed by Joan A. Steitz, February 22, 2021 (sent for review December 29, 2020; reviewed by Elena Conti, Karin Musier-Forsyth, and Hongwei Wang)RNA triple helices were characterized in vitro over 60 y ago, but only recently implicated in diverse biological activities. The element for nuclear expression (ENE) protects RNA from degradation via triplex formation with the poly(A) tail on the 3ʹ ends of cellular RNAs. ENEs appear in diverse genomes, including a category containing two ENEs separated by a double-stranded region (dENEs). Using structure probing, SAXS, and cryo-EM, we show...…Contributed by Joan A. Steitz, February 22, 2021 (sent for review December 29, 2020; reviewed by Elena Conti, Karin Musier-Forsyth, and Hongwei Wang)RNA triple helices were characterized in vitro over 60 y ago, but only recently implicated in diverse biological activities. The element for nuclear expression (ENE) protects RNA from degradation via triplex formation with the poly(A) tail on the 3ʹ ends of cellular RNAs. ENEs appear in diverse genomes, including a category containing two ENEs separated by a double-stranded region (dENEs). Using structure probing, SAXS, and cryo-EM, we show...WW…

You are currently viewing the abstract.AAAS login provides access to Science for AAAS members, and access to other journals in the Science family to users who have purchased individual subscriptions.Log in via OpenAthens.Log in with your institution via Shibboleth.Download and print this article for your personal scholarly, research, and educational use.Buy a single issue of Science for just $15 USD.Color perception is an important aspect of the way many organisms navigate their world. The ability to perceive color has thus far thought to depend on the presence of either eyes or minimally...…You are currently viewing the abstract.AAAS login provides access to Science for AAAS members, and access to other journals in the Science family to users who have purchased individual subscriptions.Log in via OpenAthens.Log in with your institution via Shibboleth.Download and print this article for your personal scholarly, research, and educational use.Buy a single issue of Science for just $15 USD.Color perception is an important aspect of the way many organisms navigate their world. The ability to perceive color has thus far thought to depend on the presence of either eyes or minimally...WW…

You are currently viewing the abstract.AAAS login provides access to Science for AAAS members, and access to other journals in the Science family to users who have purchased individual subscriptions.Log in via OpenAthens.Log in with your institution via Shibboleth.Download and print this article for your personal scholarly, research, and educational use.Buy a single issue of Science for just $15 USD.The security of our digital networks is underpinned by the ability to generate streams of random numbers or bits. As networks expand in an ever-connected way, the challenge is to increase the...…You are currently viewing the abstract.AAAS login provides access to Science for AAAS members, and access to other journals in the Science family to users who have purchased individual subscriptions.Log in via OpenAthens.Log in with your institution via Shibboleth.Download and print this article for your personal scholarly, research, and educational use.Buy a single issue of Science for just $15 USD.The security of our digital networks is underpinned by the ability to generate streams of random numbers or bits. As networks expand in an ever-connected way, the challenge is to increase the...WW…

You are currently viewing the abstract.AAAS login provides access to Science for AAAS members, and access to other journals in the Science family to users who have purchased individual subscriptions.Log in via OpenAthens.Log in with your institution via Shibboleth.Download and print this article for your personal scholarly, research, and educational use.Buy a single issue of Science for just $15 USD.One of the most conserved RNA modifications across organisms is the addition of a polyadenosine, or poly(A), tail to the 3′ end of RNA molecules. Cis-acting RNA stabilization elements, such as...…You are currently viewing the abstract.AAAS login provides access to Science for AAAS members, and access to other journals in the Science family to users who have purchased individual subscriptions.Log in via OpenAthens.Log in with your institution via Shibboleth.Download and print this article for your personal scholarly, research, and educational use.Buy a single issue of Science for just $15 USD.One of the most conserved RNA modifications across organisms is the addition of a polyadenosine, or poly(A), tail to the 3′ end of RNA molecules. Cis-acting RNA stabilization elements, such as...WW…