Contributed by Michael Shuufeni.In this article, you will learn what are off-chain assets and how cryptography is applied to them.The current architecture of the blockchain has four layers.1- the hardware layer is concerned with distributed trusted hardware2-Layer 0 is concerned with the network of the blockchains.3- Layer 1 is concerned with the blockchain and the side chains and on-chain transactions4- Layer 2 concerned with the protocols that happen outside the parent blockchain.These layers make up the blockchain ecosystem and make it possible for the blockchain ecosystem to be scalable...…Contributed by Michael Shuufeni.In this article, you will learn what are off-chain assets and how cryptography is applied to them.The current architecture of the blockchain has four layers.1- the hardware layer is concerned with distributed trusted hardware2-Layer 0 is concerned with the network of the blockchains.3- Layer 1 is concerned with the blockchain and the side chains and on-chain transactions4- Layer 2 concerned with the protocols that happen outside the parent blockchain.These layers make up the blockchain ecosystem and make it possible for the blockchain ecosystem to be scalable...WW…

A next generation firewall is a must-have in nowadays cybersecurity environments. NGFWs improve traditional firewalls in many ways, to improve network security.According to Gardner, “Next-generation firewalls (NGFWs) are deep-packet inspection firewalls that move beyond port/protocol inspection and blocking to add application-level inspection, intrusion prevention, and bringing intelligence from outside the firewall”.So, let’s start by inspecting the evolution of firewalls so we can understand better what the new capabilities of NGFWs are.Let’s start by stating what are the basic operations...…A next generation firewall is a must-have in nowadays cybersecurity environments. NGFWs improve traditional firewalls in many ways, to improve network security.According to Gardner, “Next-generation firewalls (NGFWs) are deep-packet inspection firewalls that move beyond port/protocol inspection and blocking to add application-level inspection, intrusion prevention, and bringing intelligence from outside the firewall”.So, let’s start by inspecting the evolution of firewalls so we can understand better what the new capabilities of NGFWs are.Let’s start by stating what are the basic operations...WW…

Contributed by Ismael Stephanus.NFTs are digital assets that live on a blockchain. They are non-interchangeable with other items because they have unique properties and no two NFTs are the same. NFTs are used to represent ownership of unique items and allow for tokenizing of things like art collectibles, they are mainly secured by the Ethereum blockchain (Shebaro, 2022).According to Spano, Massaro, Ferri, Dumay, and Schmitz (2022), NFTs came to prominence in 2017 with a game called CryptoKitties, which enables players to buy and “breed” limited-edition virtual cats. From there, game...…Contributed by Ismael Stephanus.NFTs are digital assets that live on a blockchain. They are non-interchangeable with other items because they have unique properties and no two NFTs are the same. NFTs are used to represent ownership of unique items and allow for tokenizing of things like art collectibles, they are mainly secured by the Ethereum blockchain (Shebaro, 2022).According to Spano, Massaro, Ferri, Dumay, and Schmitz (2022), NFTs came to prominence in 2017 with a game called CryptoKitties, which enables players to buy and “breed” limited-edition virtual cats. From there, game...WW…

Skip to content“A direct proof of a conditional statement p → q is constructed when the first step is the assumption that p is true; subsequent steps are constructed using rules of inference, with the final step showing that q must also be true. A direct proof shows that a conditional statement p → q is true by showing that if p is true, then q must also be true, so that the combination p true and q false never occurs.” Discrete Mathematics and its Applications by Rosen.Let n and m be two odd numbers.n=2k+1 and p=2t+1 for some integers k and t (definition of odd...…Skip to content“A direct proof of a conditional statement p → q is constructed when the first step is the assumption that p is true; subsequent steps are constructed using rules of inference, with the final step showing that q must also be true. A direct proof shows that a conditional statement p → q is true by showing that if p is true, then q must also be true, so that the combination p true and q false never occurs.” Discrete Mathematics and its Applications by Rosen.Let n and m be two odd numbers.n=2k+1 and p=2t+1 for some integers k and t (definition of odd...WW…

Skip to contentLet’s refresh the concept of direct proof.“A direct proof of a conditional statement p → q is constructed when the first step is the assumption that p is true; subsequent steps are constructed using rules of inference, with the final step showing that q must also be true. A direct proof shows that a conditional statement p → q is true by showing that if p is true, then q must also be true, so that the combination p true and q false never occurs.” Discrete Mathematics and its Applications by Rosen.Let n be an even number.n=2k for some integer k.The additive inverse of n is...…Skip to contentLet’s refresh the concept of direct proof.“A direct proof of a conditional statement p → q is constructed when the first step is the assumption that p is true; subsequent steps are constructed using rules of inference, with the final step showing that q must also be true. A direct proof shows that a conditional statement p → q is true by showing that if p is true, then q must also be true, so that the combination p true and q false never occurs.” Discrete Mathematics and its Applications by Rosen.Let n be an even number.n=2k for some integer k.The additive inverse of n is...WW…

Skip to contentLearn to create a menu for a python console application from scratch. Also, find explanations on each part of the code and some extra considerations.To create a menu for a python console application, I recommend you the following: It is a good practice to implement different functions to handle the menu options. The previous makes the code more readable and easy to understand.With the infinite loop, we are going to print the menu. Then, we ask the user to choose an option.while(True):print_menu()option = int(input('Enter your choice: '))Notice that we are using the...…Skip to contentLearn to create a menu for a python console application from scratch. Also, find explanations on each part of the code and some extra considerations.To create a menu for a python console application, I recommend you the following: It is a good practice to implement different functions to handle the menu options. The previous makes the code more readable and easy to understand.With the infinite loop, we are going to print the menu. Then, we ask the user to choose an option.while(True):print_menu()option = int(input('Enter your choice: '))Notice that we are using the...WW…

Skip to contentA common question from people that want to learn programming is: what programming language should I learn first? What roadmap to learn programming should I follow?I’ve been reading answers to these questions, most of them focus on explaining why you should learn python first, java, or another programming language. You can read in other answers that it depends on the type of programmer you want to become: front-end, back-end, web, mobile, desktop?You cannot find what matters in those answers. Do you want to know what matters when you start learning programming? Keep...…Skip to contentA common question from people that want to learn programming is: what programming language should I learn first? What roadmap to learn programming should I follow?I’ve been reading answers to these questions, most of them focus on explaining why you should learn python first, java, or another programming language. You can read in other answers that it depends on the type of programmer you want to become: front-end, back-end, web, mobile, desktop?You cannot find what matters in those answers. Do you want to know what matters when you start learning programming? Keep...WW…

Skip to contentYou will find many answers to the question where do I start to learn programming. I’ve been teaching programming for more than 20 years. So, here I’ll show you where do I think it is better to start according to my experience.According to my experience and the feedback I get every year from my students, the answer is very simple: algorithms. You should start learning algorithms first, then you can focus on learning a programming language.You will find several courses online, on different platforms, that teach you Python, or Java, or any other language. Those courses are not...…Skip to contentYou will find many answers to the question where do I start to learn programming. I’ve been teaching programming for more than 20 years. So, here I’ll show you where do I think it is better to start according to my experience.According to my experience and the feedback I get every year from my students, the answer is very simple: algorithms. You should start learning algorithms first, then you can focus on learning a programming language.You will find several courses online, on different platforms, that teach you Python, or Java, or any other language. Those courses are not...WW…

AdvertisementSchemaTree: Maximum-Likelihood Property Recommendation for WikidataWikidata is a free and open knowledge base which can be read and edited by both humans and machines. It acts as a central storage for the structured data of several Wikimedia projects. To improve the process of manually inserting new facts, the Wikidata platform features an association rule-based tool to recommend additional suitable properties. In this work, we introduce a novel approach to provide such recommendations based on frequentist inference. We introduce a trie-based method that can efficiently learn...…AdvertisementSchemaTree: Maximum-Likelihood Property Recommendation for WikidataWikidata is a free and open knowledge base which can be read and edited by both humans and machines. It acts as a central storage for the structured data of several Wikimedia projects. To improve the process of manually inserting new facts, the Wikidata platform features an association rule-based tool to recommend additional suitable properties. In this work, we introduce a novel approach to provide such recommendations based on frequentist inference. We introduce a trie-based method that can efficiently learn...WW…

AdvertisementNavbar Search FilterMobile Microsite Search TermNavbar Search FilterMicrosite Search TermArticle NavigationArticle NavigationArticle NavigationArticle NavigationBrain, Volume 144, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 340–353,Received:Revision received:Accepted:Published:Navbar Search FilterMobile Microsite Search TermNavbar Search FilterMicrosite Search TermSpontaneous activity of the human brain has been well documented, but little is known about the functional role of this ubiquitous neural phenomenon. It has previously been hypothesized that spontaneous brain activity underlies...…AdvertisementNavbar Search FilterMobile Microsite Search TermNavbar Search FilterMicrosite Search TermArticle NavigationArticle NavigationArticle NavigationArticle NavigationBrain, Volume 144, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 340–353,Received:Revision received:Accepted:Published:Navbar Search FilterMobile Microsite Search TermNavbar Search FilterMicrosite Search TermSpontaneous activity of the human brain has been well documented, but little is known about the functional role of this ubiquitous neural phenomenon. It has previously been hypothesized that spontaneous brain activity underlies...WW…