Edited by James J. Elser, University of Montana, Polson, MT, and approved January 8, 2021 (received for review October 13, 2019)Food security is not simply about maintaining yields, but it is also about the need for a stable supply of nutritionally diverse foods. Obtaining nutritious food is a major challenge facing humanity, and diverse aquatic ecosystems can help meet this goal. To test how aquatic biodiversity affects human health, we assembled a dataset of nutrients, contaminants, and ecological traits of 801 aquatic species. We used ecological models to quantify the role of species...…Edited by James J. Elser, University of Montana, Polson, MT, and approved January 8, 2021 (received for review October 13, 2019)Food security is not simply about maintaining yields, but it is also about the need for a stable supply of nutritionally diverse foods. Obtaining nutritious food is a major challenge facing humanity, and diverse aquatic ecosystems can help meet this goal. To test how aquatic biodiversity affects human health, we assembled a dataset of nutrients, contaminants, and ecological traits of 801 aquatic species. We used ecological models to quantify the role of species...WW…