Edited by Ykä Helariutta, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Philip N. Benfey February 18, 2021 (received for review November 29, 2020)Plant miRNAs can move from cell to cell through cytoplasmic channels called plasmodesmata, transmitting positional information that is decoded to make developmental decisions; one well-studied example of this is xylem patterning in the root of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, which depends on the formation of opposing gradients of two miRNAs and their target transcripts. Here, we show that two...…Edited by Ykä Helariutta, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Philip N. Benfey February 18, 2021 (received for review November 29, 2020)Plant miRNAs can move from cell to cell through cytoplasmic channels called plasmodesmata, transmitting positional information that is decoded to make developmental decisions; one well-studied example of this is xylem patterning in the root of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, which depends on the formation of opposing gradients of two miRNAs and their target transcripts. Here, we show that two...WW…

Human exploration of the Moon is associated with substantial risks to astronauts from space radiation. On the surface of the Moon, this consists of the chronic exposure to galactic cosmic rays and sporadic solar particle events. The interaction of this radiation field with the lunar soil leads to a third component that consists of neutral particles, i.e., neutrons and gamma radiation. The Lunar Lander Neutrons and Dosimetry experiment aboard China’s Chang’E 4 lander has made the first ever measurements of the radiation exposure to both charged and neutral particles on the lunar surface. We...…Human exploration of the Moon is associated with substantial risks to astronauts from space radiation. On the surface of the Moon, this consists of the chronic exposure to galactic cosmic rays and sporadic solar particle events. The interaction of this radiation field with the lunar soil leads to a third component that consists of neutral particles, i.e., neutrons and gamma radiation. The Lunar Lander Neutrons and Dosimetry experiment aboard China’s Chang’E 4 lander has made the first ever measurements of the radiation exposure to both charged and neutral particles on the lunar surface. We...WW…